Ask the Keto Dietitian Series: Dravet Syndrome

dravet-syndrome

A Q&A with ketogenic dietitian Robyn Blackford, RDN, LDN. For more posts in our “Ask the Keto Dietitian” series, click here.

Can you tell us a little bit about yourself and your work as a ketogenic dietitian?

Hello! My name is Robyn Blackford and I am one of the ketogenic dietitians at Lurie Children’s Hospital in Chicago. I have been a full-time ketogenic dietitian in pediatrics for 15 years. Our center manages close to 300 patients on the medical ketogenic diet. I believe that the medical ketogenic diet has incredible possibilities and that all patients have a right to try the diet and be carefully followed by an expert medical ketogenic diet center.

I am also one of the Keto Ambassadors for Nutricia in North America, where I spend time mentoring and teaching the medical ketogenic diet to healthcare professionals.

On a more personal note, I have been married to my husband, Jason for many years and am the mom of 2 teenagers.

What is Dravet Syndrome?

Dravet Syndrome is a rare, catastrophic, lifelong form of epilepsy that begins in the first year of life with frequent and/or prolonged seizures. This epilepsy diagnosis affects 1 in every 15,700 individuals and 80% will have a mutation in the SCN1A gene.

What are the symptoms of Dravet Syndrome?

A study published in 2015 describes how patients with Dravet Syndrome typically have at least 4 of the 5 following symptoms:

  • Normal or near-normal cognitive and motor development before seizure onset
  • Two or more seizures with or without fever before 1 year of age
  • Seizure history consisting of myoclonic, hemi-clonic, or generalized tonic-clonic seizures
  • Two or more seizures lasting longer than 10 minutes
  • Failure to respond to first-line antiepileptic drug therapy with continued seizures after 2 years of age

Do you have patients with Dravet Syndrome who are following a medical ketogenic diet?

Yes, our Epilepsy Center has a vast number of patients with Dravet Syndrome and many of them are on the medical ketogenic diet. Since patients with Dravet Syndrome tend to be in the intractable epilepsy category, meaning that they do not respond to first- and second-line medications, the medical ketogenic diet is often suggested as part of their next-line options.  Our Epilepsy Center has been responsible for many research studies involving those with Dravet Syndrome and their families.

Is the medical ketogenic diet helpful in managing seizures for patients with Dravet Syndrome?

Yes, the medical ketogenic diet can be quite helpful in managing seizures in those with this epilepsy syndrome. Since this diagnosis can be made early in life, I like to use the diet as part of their regimen as early as possible. I have seen many times where an early diagnosis and precise management can lead to successful seizure control and positive outcomes for our patients.

Is the medical ketogenic diet helpful in managing seizures for patients with Dravet Syndrome?

Yes, there is research supporting the use of the medical ketogenic diet for patients with Dravet Syndrome. The Dravet Syndrome Foundation (DSF) website has a lot of information on past and current research studies for those with Dravet Syndrome. Included on the site is the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (PCOR), which provides patients and their clinicians with evidence-based information in order to help them make more informed health care decisions and answer questions about the potential benefits and risks of different care options. The medical ketogenic diet is included in the PCOR.

In 2013, Dr. Linda Laux and I published a paper that found 65% of children with Dravet syndrome at our center following the medical ketogenic diet experienced a greater than 50% reduction in seizure frequency.

Do your patients with Dravet Syndrome typically remain on their antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) while they are following the medical ketogenic diet?

Yes, many patients with Dravet Syndrome remain on some AEDs. But, the wonderful team of professionals with whom I work always aim for the least amount of seizures with the least amount of side effects possible. So, they are always looking for ways to decrease medications without losing the seizure control that they have. They look to balance quality of life with the seizures. I feel like the medical ketogenic diet is a great addition to a seizure management plan, especially when it’s taking the place of a sedating medication that is not helpful to a patient’s quality of life.

Is there a specific type of medical ketogenic diet that is recommended for patients with Dravet Syndrome (for example, classical ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, etc)?

No, there is not one specific type of medical ketogenic diet that is recommended. Any of these versions of the diet can be helpful for seizure control. The preference for diet options may depend, for example, on the age and feeding differences between patients. So, please discuss these issues with your child’s neurology and/or keto provider.

How long do patients with Dravet Syndrome typically stay on the medical ketogenic diet?

Patients can be on the diet for as long as they need to be to help manage seizures. The keto team will require intermittent visits for follow up and blood work to assess the safety of the patient for the duration of the diet. Often times patients are on the diet for a few years before attempting a wean of the diet or simply going to a less restrictive version of the diet (such as the modified Atkins diet) for maintenance. If the medical ketogenic diet fails to be beneficial, then it would be stopped more quickly according to the plan from your keto team.

Where can families of Dravet patients find more information about the medical ketogenic diet?

Here are some of my favorite websites to visit for more information:

References:

Laux L, Blackford R. The ketogenic diet in Dravet syndrome. J Child Neurol. 2013;28(8):1041-1044. doi:10.1177/0883073813487599.

Wu, E., et. al. (2015). Incidence of Dravet Syndrome in a US Population. Pediatrics 136(5): 1310-e1315. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-1807.

Ella’s Journey with Dravet Syndrome and the Ketogenic Diet

Ella on the way to an appointment with her ketogenic dietitian

Ella is 9 years old. She has an orange belt in tae kwon do and is very excited to be going to a new school for 3rd grade. The best way I can describe my daughter is that I wish everyone had the same approach to life and towards others as she does. She is optimistic, kind, and compassionate to anyone she meets. One would not expect such a positive or loving disposition from a child who has been through so much in such a short time.

Dravet Syndrome

We assumed Ella was healthy when she was born a hefty 8lbs 15ozs. She was very curious and social as an infant. Ella was around 10 months old when we realized something was very wrong. She had her first seizure during a nap. It lasted over 2 hours and required her to be intubated for 2 days. We were told it was due to high fever, and were convinced it was the last one she would ever have until she started having them several times a week. She had been intubated 4 times before we knew what we were dealing with. Ella was diagnosed with a genetic condition called Dravet Syndrome at 3 years old. It is a rare and catastrophic form of epilepsy that brings with it a host of medical complications ranging from global delays to chronic infection. It never goes away and it does not always improve over time.

The Ketogenic Diet

Ella had been prescribed several anti-epileptics with little to no noticeable seizure control. She was often in a drug-induced fog or extremely irritable. Her neurologist recommended we put her on the ketogenic diet.

The decision to place Ella on such a restrictive diet was not one that was taken lightly. After researching it, we at first felt overwhelmed and reluctant to try it because of the potential adverse effects involved (the most common problems are digestive issues, although these can usually be managed under the care of a keto dietitian). We also knew that managing the ketogenic diet would be a time commitment, and we struggled with the idea that Ella would not be able to eat food other children could eat. I remember wondering how I was going to keep up with it. I worked full time and had Ella and her younger sister. There were a lot of factors delaying us (my husband and I) from making the choice. However, we decided that we had more to gain by trying it. We knew that if it did not work, we could take Ella off of it and try something else. Fortunately, we met several families who had their children with Dravet Syndrome on the ketogenic diet who were experiencing fewer seizures. They shared their stories with us and it put us at ease.

Following a brief admission to the hospital in order to safely wean Ella onto the ketogenic diet, her dietitian sent us home with several recipes. Ella’s keto dietitian encouraged us to try KetoCal® products to help us find some meal alternatives. KetoCal offered several tasty options for kids such as ready-made shakes (plain or vanilla) and powder mixes that could be used in sweet or savory meals.

After 4 days of being on the keto diet, Ella used the bathroom on her own for the first time. Her speech and cognition improved dramatically, and more importantly she went 6 months without a seizure. It was the longest she had gone without one since 10 months old.

My daughter has been on the ketogenic diet for 5 and half years. Part of why keto has worked for Ella is that we make her a part of the process by empowering her as much as possible. We create new recipes often, based on her requests. This gives her a sense of control over what she eats. Seeing Ella smile after she tastes something new is a huge pay off.

Advice for Other Parents

If you have a child with Dravet Syndrome or intractable epilepsy, please consider the ketogenic diet as a low side-effect option for managing seizures. The diet may not be right for everyone, but it works wonders for so many with uncontrolled seizures. Please do not hesitate to speak with your neurologist about having a consultation with a keto dietitian, or even reaching out to members of the epilepsy and ketogenic diet community. There are many groups on Facebook where you can connect with other families who have tried the ketogenic diet, such as:

You can also find a ketogenic diet provider near you here: https://myketocal.com/kdcenters.aspx.

-Dana

I was paid by Nutricia for my time to write this blog, however, my opinions are my own.

KetoCal is a medical food and is intended for use under medical supervision.

The ketogenic diet for epilepsy should be used under medical supervision.

Please note that this is one family’s report of their experience with the ketogenic diet and may not be the experience of others. Individual results will vary. Please discuss the potential benefits of the ketogenic diet with your healthcare provider.

To learn more about the medical ketogenic diet for the management of intractable epilepsy, visit www.ketogenicdietforepilepsy.com.

Interested in sharing you or your child’s ketogenic diet story? Email us at MyKetoCal@nutricia.com.